ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOUNDATION AND THEIR MODE OF CONSTRUCTION

 

ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOUNDATION AND THEIR MODE OF CONSTRUCTION

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION

          One of the major needs of human being in life is shelter to protect man and their properties from some nature hazards. Such hazard may include rainfall, wind, snow, sun, e.t.c which may challenge the way of standard living which man propose. One of the most critical agenda that human being proposed about their wellbeing in the olden days is to have houses inform of huts where they can live after which civilization exhausted the mindset of human from staying in hut to a more conducive and mighty buildings.

            The development of bricks and stone for the construction of building necessitate the need for foundation, though the type of foundation most appropriate for a given structure depend greatly on the type of soil, the soil properties, soil condition and the type of building intended to be built on it.

            Foundation can thus be defined as the horizontal members supporting the entire structure and transmitting the load of the structure to the subsoil. Foundation in respect to soil may further be explained as the lowest part of a building which is situated below the ground level and it is satisfactorily design to transfer or permit load on it.

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

          This project work is concerned with assessment to different types of foundation and their mode of construction though looks like a literature review but entails full information and chosen.

            Foundation samples were limited to three different locations within Ilorin metropolis. Terzaghi equation was used for determining soil bearing capacity of the three cohesionless soil samples taken.

            The result obtained from the calculation shows that the soil in the three foundation Examined can resist any excessive settlement of super-structure load without excessive settlement of shear and it shows a good indication that the soil is good to be used as a sub grade or sub-base materials for construction.

            In general the soil material in those three foundation posses similar characteristic.

 

 

EDITOR SOURCE:    Assessment Of Different Types Of Foundation And Their Mode Of Construction

 

BRANDING AND MARKETING OF PURE WATER

 BRANDING AND MARKETING OF PURE WATER

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION

As we move through the present economic conditions, the socio economic setting is different from what is used to be in the past today, many industries have to contend periodically with shortages and others face interactive competition people values are changing.

          An attempt to know the most satisfying product right channels to be adopted, types of pricing tactics to adopt and the promotional strategy to apply.

          Marketing is something that we do well, we all live by selling something. (stevenson) workers exchange their labour for income and use their income to buy wanted goods, companies use their products and use the receipt to buy raw materials and equipment move goods making a profit all know is a crucial human investing. It embraces the activities we engage into satisfy economic want.

          This marketing was born, marketing means working in markets which in means attempting to satisfying human activity directed at satisfying needs and want through exchanges process, it consists of finding out what product and services people already need and want and than proceeding to design, promote and distribution them.

          A production is any thing that can be offered to a market for attention acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a went or need, which exchange can be defined as the art of obtaining a desired object from some one by offering something in the return.

          Marketing determines the growth and expenses of any businesses organisation, the market therefore is a researcher, investor, a psychologist, sociologist, economist communicator and a lawyer all rolled in the one, the professional marketer is involved in finding consumer needs and desires, developing product concepts aimed at satisfying fulfilled needs and desire, testing the validity of those product concepts, designing product features, packaging and finding a suitable brand name, pricing the product to recover a reasonable from an investment arranging for regional, nation and international distribution creating effecting marketing communization to let public know about the product’s availability commercial scene, and dating scale, monitoring customer satisfaction and rendering marketing plans in the light of results.

          Good marketing defined a purpose for every organization, and statement of purpose should be specifies as to the business domain in which the organization will operate e.g. we help farmers to increase their productively. In its development of a definition for business domain, the company may want to specify up to from concession needs customer growth product and technology.

          The energy of pure water has made it imperative to effectively market such product many years back there nothing of such and since there are a lot of them in the market now, the opportunities which they found and tend to exploit soon become a threat. This is so because many people went out to exploit negatively the opportunities there is with out adequate consideration for a health and proper hygiene water packaging.

          Marketing is a total system of business activities designed to plan, price, promote and distributed want – satisfying goods and services to present and potential consumer whole maximizing sales profitably over the long run.

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

This research work deals with branding and marketing of pure water in Ilorin township, about satisfaction by the competitor that the regulatory system. The problem aims at solving some of the questions that might arise in the branding and marketing of pure water. The method of data used in the project was primary which include questionnaire and chi – square correlation  analysis that was prepared for the testing of the hypothesis. During the period of finding, the researcher was able to examine and ascertain that branding enhances the effectiveness and efficient running of the branding has the marketing of pure water in Ilorin, therefore it was to realized that for any sector to develop and effectively running, it must be competitive and marketing oriented, so that the branding and marketing of pure water. Lastly the recommendation shows that branding influences the choice of a product in the market. For consumer to identify the product of their choice. This project contain five chapters, chapter one presented background of the study, statement of problem, aims and objective of the study, significance of the study, scope of the study and limitation and constraint to the study. Chapter two also explained the text book and author of the research been used in this project work. The concept of marketing, marketing strategy, branding and brand, branding policy methods of treating water and hypothesis formulation. Chapter three provided how research design population sample and sample size, sources of data, method of data collection and method of data presentation and analysis been gathered. Chapter four talk about the brief history of Ayobat pure water, data presentation, date analysis, hypothesis and discussion of finding. Finally, chapter five analysis the summary of report, conclusion and recommendation given to the company has an personal advice

 

 

EDITOR SOURCE:   Branding And Marketing Of Pure Water In Ilorin Township (A Case Study Of Ayobat Pure Water)

THE ROLE OF WOMEN EDUCATION IN PROMOTING HEALTHY SOCIETY

 

THE ROLE OF WOMEN EDUCATION IN PROMOTING HEALTHY SOCIETY IN DEVELOPING SOCIETY

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION

Education in its broadest perspective is the lifelong learning, both formal and informal, which aims at equipping the individual effectively with acceptable skills, knowledge, attitudes and competences that will enable him/her to cope favorably with the problems of the society. It is one of the main keys to economic development and improvements in human welfare. As global economic competition grows deeper, education becomes an important source of competitive advantage, closely linked to economic growth, and a way for countries to attract jobs and investment. In addition, education appears to be one of the key determinants of lifetime earnings. Countries therefore, frequently see raising educational attainment as a way of tackling poverty and deprivation.

In developing countries, education is also linked to a whole batch of indicators of human development. Unfortunately, the potential contribution of women in education is undervalued and underutilized (Onyishi, 2007). In Nigeria, there had been several developmental initiatives in the sector since 1960; however, the standard has been degrading instead of getting better (Norah & Ihensekhien,

2009). In view of the crucial role of women in molding individuals from birth and throughout human lifecycle, there is no way a country can achieve development without the participation of women in government. It is not just the participation of women in government that is the necessary solution, but having women in decision making positions. In many countries of the world, the contributions of women were not being recognized until when the United Nations (UN) declared the Decade of Women (1976-1985), making it mandatory on governments to focus on issues of women as an integral component of national development (Lawson, 2008).

Women's education can be regarded as a kind of knowledge given to women for enhancing their self-respect and self-dignity. This knowledge can be in form of formal, non-formal and informal education, it can also be in form of adult education, community development, workshops, seminars, conferences and training. Women's education is for making women to become economically independent and self-reliant (Lawson, 2008). Women as mothers, are educators within their families, what they learn, they pass on to their children and their future generations (Lawson, 2008).

Education for women is a development priority due to the dynamic potential of educated women. Therefore, the main objectives for women's education are as follows:

•      To enable women to improve their family's health and diet.

•      To increase women's productive ability, thus raising their families' standard of living.

•      To give women access to appropriate technologies, management of

cooperatives and the use of loan facilities.

•      To improve women's social and culture status.

•      To enable women to discharge their responsibilities more effectively

•      Helping women to fight their own fears and feelings of inadequacy or

inferiority.

•      Educating women in all round development. That is mentally, socially, physically, psychologically, religiously and economically.

•      To make women participate fully in all the affairs of their nation and to be at centre of sustainable development.

•      To make women able to acquire their own basic needs of the society, like food, shelter, fuel, clothes and nurturing. 

•      To enhance nation building in terms of economic and human development.

Since Nigeria has joined the rest of the world to allow women to participate fully in the society; from going to school to doing formal jobs, she has witnessed a remarkable improvement in educational sector and the workplace (Anugwom,

2009). The Federal Government of Nigeria has also fully embraced some of the resolutions of these conferences and has in the past ten years or so appointed women generally into some decision making positions such as Ministers, Special Advisers, Director Generals, etc. To this effect, this study is set to investigate the role of women of education in the development of Igbo-Eze North local government area of Enugu state.

 

 

EDITOR SOURCE:   The Role Of Women Education In Promoting Healthy Society In Developing Society

 

SATISFACTION AND RETENTION: A KEY TO BUSINESS SURVIVAL

 

SATISFACTION AND RETENTION: A KEY TO BUSINESS SURVIVAL (A CASE STUDY OF BERGER PAINTS NIGERIA PLC)

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION

It's difficult to over-stress the importance of customer satisfaction. Sustained profitability is only possible through building customer value and satisfaction. Profit comes as a consequence of building customer value.

As Henry Ford said:

"Business must be run at a profit... else it will die. But when anyone tries to run a business solely for profit, then also the business must die, for it no longer has a reason for existence."

Value Defined

Something that satisfies a consumer's need or want has value in the eyes of the consumer. Whether or not a consumer will buy a product offering depends on whether what it costs them is greater or less than the product's perceived value. Furthermore, when choosing between similar offers, a consumer will choose the product that offers the biggest difference between value and cost. Costs to the customer include not only monetary costs, but everything associated to acquiring it, such as time and hassle. For example, having to go and pick up concert tickets you've already paid for online adds an additional cost. Therefore, even if your product is more expensive, it will nevertheless be chosen if it carries more value in the eyes of the customer.

The difference between what the consumer perceives as the value of the product offering and its costs, are known by marketers as the delivered value. The goal is to ensure that the delivered value for your product is greater than the delivered value of the customer's alternatives.

Customer Satisfaction Defined

Customer satisfaction is closely related to customer expectations. Once acquiring a product, the customer will compare the actual performance of the product with what was expected. The customer will have feelings of pleasure if product performance meets expectations, and feelings of disappointment if it doesn't. If actual performance exceeds expectations, the customer is highly satisfied or delighted.

Customers form their expectations from a variety of sources such as friends, past experiences, competitors as well as the marketer's messages and promises. A balancing act must be made here. If you set expectations too high with your messages, your customers are more likely to be disappointed. If you set them too low, fewer will buy. The most successful firms set expectations high and then are able to deliver performance to match – at a profit.

Creating Customer Value

Given the importance of customer value, it's useful to use what Micheal Porter of Harvard calls the value chain as a tool to find ways to create more customer value. The value chain consists of company activities that create value and add costs in an organization. The primary activities in the value chain are:

• Bringing materials into the company (inbound logistics)
• Converting materials into finished products (operations)
• Shipping out finished products (outbound logistics)
• Marketing the products (sales and other marketing activities)
• Servicing the products (customer service)

Primary activities have secondary support activities which include procurement (or purchasing), technology development, human resource management and firm infrastructure. These support activities may be handled by specialized departments or by multiple departments.

Your job as a marketer is to examine the costs and performance of each value-creating activity, and find ways to improve in each area. It's helpful to compare competitors costs and performance in the value chain as a benchmark. If you can outperform your competitors you can gain a competitive advantage.

It's important to note that internal departments sometimes act in ways to maximize their interests rather than those of the company or customers. For example, a credit department may take too long ensuring the credit worthiness of a customer to avoid the possibility of a bad debt. During this time, the customer is waits and waits, and the sales person becomes frustrated.

The solution to this problem, is to ensure the core business processes are managed smoothly, by using cross disciplinary teams to manage core processes.

It's important to look beyond your own operations as well. Finding competitive advantages beyond your own operations will increase your chances of success. For example, Walmart's suppliers are plugged directly into its inventory system so that they can track sales and replenish items as needed. This reduces the chances of stock outages.

The importance of customer retention

Often, organizations focus a lot or their marketing efforts on attracting new customers and far less attention retaining customers. Satisfied customers are loyal customers. Here are some interesting statistics from the Harvard Business Review (The Loyalty Effect by Frederick F. Reichheld and Thomas Teal):

• It can cost 5 times more to get a new customer than to satisfy and retain a current customer
• In a typical company, customers are defecting at the rate of 10-30% per year
• The profitability of a customer tends to increase the longer the customer is retained

A 5% reduction in the customer defection rate can increase profits by 25% - 80%, depending on the industry

The consumer is faced with an infinite number of choices in his buying behavior. He makes a decision on whether to spend his money or save it. If he chooses to spend it, he has a wide range of product choices available to him. Even within the relatively narrow field of paint industries the consumer has, from five to ten different brands of paints from which to choose in the average paint shop or depot, obviously, no one brand is going to be sold for long if it stops giving the customer what he wants. Hence, it is a total error for a marketing manager to believe that the consumer must buy his product.

The consumer bestows his favor on those who give him what he wants in product, price, promotion and convenience. The penalty for disobeying his mandate is almost certain failure. There are numerous illustrations of firms that refused to obey “Key consumer”, thereby incurring his wrath. At one time, the Waltham Watch Company was held in high esteem by watch buyers decided that the wrist watch was preferable to the pocket watch and subsequently, the consumers changed their buying habit, Waltham was a stubborn until the consumer forced it to do so by refusing to buy pocket watches. Meanwhile, key consumer decided that he wishes his wrist watch to do more than ten times, he wanted a fashionably styled time piece. The majority of firm in that country immediately entered a competitive race on a fashion basis, but not Waltham. His refusal to produce a properly style watch eventually caused its failure.

Obviously, the consumer seldom directly commands a manufacturer.

 

 

EDITOR SOURCE:   Satisfaction And Retention:  A Key To Business Survival (A Case Study Of Berger Paints Nigeria Plc)