PRODUCTION OF MOSQUITOES REPELLANTS INSECTICIDES USING ORANGE PEELS

 PRODUCTION OF MOSQUITOES REPELLANTS INSECTICIDES USING ORANGE PEELS

          Insecticide is a substance or a mixture of substances used for killing insects[1]. It is well known fact that many protozoal bacteria diseases are transmitted from man to man by insects. One may combat these diseases not only by means of prohylactic drugs but also by the destruction of the insects carriers.

          Insecticide is a chemical compound that is lethally toxic to insects either by ingestion or by body contact. It is applied to vegetation, crops and insect breeding areas either as liquid spray or as dry powder[2].

          They are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and household. The use of insecticides is believed to be one of the major factors behind the increase in agricultural productivity in 20^th century.

          Nearly, all insecticides have the potential to significantly after ecosystem, many are toxic to human and others are concentrated in food chain. It is necessary to balance agricultural needs with environmental and health issues when using insecticides. It is crucially important that all the rural areas in Nigeria are being educated on the need to eradicate insects especially mosquitoes that might breed around the environment and transmit malaria to people living within the enclave.

          Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in the home being with restricting the availability of insects of three vital commodities; shelter, water and food. If insects become a problem despite such measures, IPM seeks to control them using the safest possible methods targeting the approach to the particular pest[1].

          Years now, efforts are geared towards controlling malaria infestation both in urban and rural areas. A lot of measures are being taken to reduce the number of death as a result of malaria.

          We hear now and then that numbers being quoted by the analyst that died of malaria attack. Thus, free mosquitoes treated nets are always distributed to families and individuals all in a bid to reduce malaria attack from mosquito bite.

          In the light of this, it is necessary to study God-given substances in this case, plant that has embedded substances that will help man combat mosquitoes or at least reduce infestation to the barest minimum.

1. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY/WORK

The purpose of this work is to produce mosquito repellants using orange peels (cestrum) wastes perse, which will save the cost of production and purchase, thereby increasing its availability especially in the rural areas. If the work is successful, production of mosquitoes repellants using orange peels will provide source of employment to our teaming youths and also make mosquito repellant within the reach of everybody, thereby reducing the number of death due to malaria caused by mosquito bite.

1. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Orange peels (cestrum) will be prepared and used for the production of mosquito coil, which ignited, will repel mosquitoes within the limit of the smoke. The produced coil will be tested for the effectiveness performance. Cost analysis should also be taken to know weather mass production will be more effective or not.

1. LITERATURE REVIEWHISTORY ASPECT OF MOSQUITO REPELLENT

Traditionally, various types of substances have been used to repel mosquitoes. These include such things as smoke, plant extracts, oil, tars, muds, etc.

As insects repellants technology became more sophisticated, individual compounds were discovered and isolated. This allows the formulation of new and more efficient forms of mosquito repellants.

The first truly effective active ingredient used in mosquito repellants was citronella oil[3]. This material is a herbal extract derived from the citronella plant, an Asian grass. While citronella has been used for centuries for medical purposes, its repellence was only accidentally discovered in 1901, when it was used as a hairdressing fragrance. Since citronella oil is a fragrant material, it is thought that the chemical terpenes of which it is composed are responsible for its repellant activity.

Citronella oil does repel mosquitoes, but it has certain characteristics which limit its effectiveness. For example, it is very volatile and evaporates so quickly from the surface to which it is applied. Also, large amount are needed to be effective. The disadvantages of using citronella oil prompted researchers to study alternative synthetic compounds many of the early attempt at creating synthetic insect repellants were initiated by the Unites State military. Out of this research, the discovery of the repellant dimethylphthalate in 1929. This material showed a good level of effectiveness against certain insect species, but it was ineffective against others. Indalone was found to repel insect in 1937 and Rutgers 6₁₂ (2-ethyl-1,3-hexane diol) was synthesized soon after. Like dimethylpthalate, these materials had certain limitations which prevented their widespread use[3].

Since none of the available materials were ideal repellents, research into new synthetic materials continued. In 1955, scientists synthesized DEET (n-n-diethyl-netatoluamide) currently the most widely used active ingredient for mosquito repellents.

After its discovery, repellent manufacturers developed many different forms in which to deliver DEET, such as creams, lotions and aerosols[4].

1. CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTICIDE

Insecticides are usually classified into the following three classes.

STOMACH OR INTERNAL INSECTICIDES

          These insecticides which are taken up by the insects are called stomach poisons or insecticides. Example, Boric acid.

CONTACT OR EXTERNAL INSECTICIDES

          These insecticides destroy the insect simply by external bodily contact. Example Rotenone.

FUMIGANTS

          These insecticides act on the insects through the respiratory system. Example hydrogen cyanide, carbon disulphide, nicotine, p-dichlorobenzene, etc. [5].

          Insecticides may be applied as a spray, liquid or in suspension, as a dust or as a gas.

1. CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES MAY BE CLASSIFIED AS INORGANIC, NATURAL AND ORGANIC INSECTICIDES.

INORGANIC INSECTICIDES

          Before world war II nearly all the insecticides were inorganic compounds of which arsenic, fluorine, sulphur and cyanide compounds were the most important. In recent years, inorganic insecticides have been greatly displaced by organic compounds in many applications.

          The major disadvantage of inorganic insecticides is their comparable toxicity to man and other warm blooded animals. Upon handling and so as residues on food products[6].

SOME INORGANIC INSECTICIDES ARE;

• Lead Arsenate
• Calcium Arsenate
• Paris green
• Flourine compounds
• Sulphur and sulphur compounds
• Hydrocyanide acid[6]

NATURAL OR PLANT INSECTICIDES

          Plant materials yield some of the most widely used insecticides and many of them are being supplemented by the synthetic organic insecticides. The roots stem, leaves or flowers may be finely grounded and used as such or active parts may be extracted and used either alone or with other toxicants and auxiliary materials.

SOME NATURAL INSECTICIDES ARE

• Nicotine
• Rotenone
• Allethrin
• Pyrethrins[6]

ORGANIC INSECTICIDES

        A typical organic insecticide is DDT (Dichlor-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane) with IUPAC name 4,4-(2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diyl)bis chlorobenzene.        

ABSTRACT
Mosquito repellents are substances that can be used to repel mosquitoes which is a vector that transmits malaria. A typical example of a mosquito repellent is mosquito coil which drives away mosquito when it is ignited. The smoke that is emitted from burning a mosquito coil contains active ingredients used to prevent mosquito from biting particularly during the hour of sleep having been designed to burn for hours. These active ingredients have known to act as repellent agent which cause a distasteful environment for the mosquito and act as agents of immobilization which disturbs the food searching mechanism of the mosquito. Orange peels (Cestrum) contains oil known as Limonene oil which has a  lethal effect on mosquitoes and some other insects. It can be used as active ingredient to produce mosquito coil, which when ignited, will repel mosquitoes within the limits of the smoke.

EDITOR SOURCE: Production Of Mosquito Repellents Insecticides (Mosquito Coil) Using Orange Peels (Cestrum)

 

THE EFFECT OF CARD READERS ON ELECTION CREDIBILITY

 

THE EFFECT OF CARD READERS ON ELECTION CREDIBILITY

 

The use of card readers at the 2015 general election in Nigeria has infused some level of transparency and credibility into Nigeria's electoral process (Okonji, 2015). It was observed that when the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) first announced its plan to introduce card reader machine for the March 28 and April 11 2015 general elections, many Nigerians, especially politicians, vehemently opposed to it. They felt the country has not developed to a level where such technology can be employed for elections. Besides, they felt the uses of card reader would disrupt the entire electoral processes.

The public outcry that greeted the planned introduction of card reader machines was enough to discourage INEC from introducing it. However, because of   INEC confidence in the efficacy of modern technologies in achieving quick results, coupled with its vision to transform the country's electoral process from its old norms that was characterized by ballot box snatching and multiplicity of ballot tomb-printing, INEC went ahead and introduced the technology against all odds (Vanguard, 2015). However, many technology experts in Nigeria and outside, who monitored the elections are full of praises for INEC for insisting on the use of card reader machines, saying it is the best thing that has ever happened to the Nigerian electoral process in the area of election transparency. They have called on the electoral umpire to introduce card reader machines in subsequent elections, believing it is a sure way to achieve transparency and credibility in every election.

Election is the process of choosing a candidate for public office. Election is a critical component of any democratic society. As such, Nigeria’s returned to democratic rule and engagement with the democratic process led to the conduct of its general elections in 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2015. General elections are elections conducted in the federation at large for federal and state elective positions (The Electoral Institute, 2015). The 2015 presidential election appears to be the most keenly contested in the history of elections in Nigeria because it was the first time about four major opposition parties came together to form a very strong party, All Progressive Congress (APC) in order to challenge the dominance of the ruling party, Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) in the polity. Indeed, according to Omotola (2013), the election became the only game in town, shaping and reshaping public discourse and political actions.

Prior to the 2015 general elections, a number of technologically based reforms (e.g. biometric Register of Voters, Advanced Fingerprints Identification System) were embarked upon by the new leadership (headed by Prof Attairu Jega) of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), the election management body empowered by the 1999 Constitution (as amended) of the Federal Republic of Nigeria to organize, undertake and supervise all elections in Nigeria.

However, despite the confidence of INEC in the use of card reader in the 2015 general elections, the machines came with some challenges, even though the elections have been widely adjudged as being successful. For instance, during the March 28 Presidential and National Assembly elections across the country, the card readers malfunctioned in several polling units, a situation that caused undue delay in the accreditation process. It, however, worked perfectly in other polling units. The challenges ranged from rejection of permanent voter's card (PVC) by the card readers, inability to capture the biometrics from finger tips, to irregular capturing and fast battery drainage. INEC officials have to abandon their polling units and took the card readers back to their office for proper configuration. In order to salvage the situation, which was almost becoming frustrating, INEC ordered the use of manual process for accreditation, But before the order could go round the states and local government areas, it was already late to conduct accreditation and actual voting in some areas, a situation that forced INEC to extend the exercise to the next day in all affected areas.

Concerned about the massive electoral fraud witnessed in the past general elections in Nigeria, INEC deployment of the card reader in 2015 general elections was to ensure a credible, transparent, free and fair election in order to deepen Nigeria’s electoral democracy. However, the used of the electronic device in the 2015 general elections generated debate among election stakeholders before, during and after the elections.

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The 2015 presidential election was the closest electoral contest since the country’s post-1999 transition to multi-party democracy (International Republican Institute, 2015). The election is the most politically engaged in the history of electoral democracy in Nigeria. Huge resources were used for the elections including 120 billion naira expended by INEC, 750,000 ad-hoc election staff with over 360,000 security personnel including the use of card readers to ensure credibility and transparency. The presidential election was contested by fourteen candidates from different political parties. However, the candidates of the PDP (Dr Goodluck Jonathan) and APC (General Muhammadu Buhari) were the major contenders in the election. However, the researcher is out to examine the effect of card readers on the election credibility in Nigeria.

1.3   OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The following are the objectives of this study:

1.  To examine the effect of card readers on the election credibility in Nigeria.

2.  To examine the reliability of the card reader during the electoral process.

3.  To identify the limitations in the use of the card reader for elections in Nigeria.

1.4   RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.  What is the effect of card readers on the election credibility in Nigeria?

2.  What is the reliability of the card reader during the electoral process?

3.  What are the limitations in the use of the card reader for elections in Nigeria?

1.5   HYPOTHESIS

HO: There is no significant relationship between card readers and 2015 presidential election credibility in Nigeria

HA: There is significant relationship between card readers and 2015 presidential election credibility in Nigeria

1.6   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The following are the significance of this study:

1.  The outcome of this study will educate the general public on the benefits of the use of card reader for elections.

2.  This research will also serve as a resource base to other scholars and researchers interested in carrying out further research in this field subsequently, if applied will go to an extent to provide new explanation to the topic.

1.7   SCOPE/LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study on the effect of card readers on the election credibility in Nigeria will cover the processes involved in the conduct of 2015 presidential election with special focus on the influence of the card reader on the outcome of the election.

LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

 Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.

 

ABSTRACT:        

The real issue in the 2015, presidential election bore down to the use of the card reader machine, as a novel to the electoral System in Nigeria. The card reader was a critical component that distinguished the 2015 presidential election from other presidential elections so far conducted in Nigeria. It was the first time in the history of Nigeria that card reader was used in the electoral process and it remains one of the greatest technological device setup to authenticate and verify electorates. The permanent voter card (PVC) issued by Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) was verified with the aforementioned machine to ensure credibility and authenticity, transparency, and free and fair election in order to deepen democracy in Nigeria. Meanwhile, one of the unsolved puzzles in the last general election was the failure of card readers in some pulling units to capture the biometric data of some electorates. The objective of the study: to examine the effect of card readers on the election credibility; ascertain the reliability of card readers during the electoral process; look at the debate on the legality or illegality of card readers and identify the challenges inherent in the use of card readers. The method adopted was constant undertaking of trips to relevant offices for data collection and through internet. The design was ex-post facto design and data collected were analyzed through expository mechanism using data reduction, display and conclusion. The study use Decision Making Theory as the Theoretical Framework to establish the relationship existing among the variables. Findings: the essence of card reader was to enhance hitch free election; minimize electoral malpractice and improve Nigeria electoral system. Base on our findings, we recommend for massive enlightenment and sensitization of the public; extensive and intensive training of man power personnel and dealing with the irregularities identified during the last general election such as rejection of finger tips and fast battery drainage among others.

 

 

 

EDITOR SOURCE: The Effect Of Card Readers On Election Credibility (A Case Study Of 2015 Presidential Election In Nigeria)

 

THE EFFECT OF INTERNALLY GENERATED REVENUE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH

 

THE EFFECT OF INTERNALLY GENERATED REVENUE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH

Revenue generation in Nigeria local governments is principally derived from tax. Tax is a compulsory levy imposed by government on individuals and companies for the various legitimate function of the state (Olaoye, 2008). Tax is a necessary ingredient for civilization. The history of man has shown that man has to pay tax in one form or the other that is either in cash or in kind, initially to his chieftain and later on a form of organized government (Ojo, 2003). No system or rules can be effective whether foreign or nature unless it enjoys some measures of financial independence. Local governments in Nigeria have developed over a number of years. Historically, the development of direct taxation in local government in Nigeria can be traced the British pre-colonial period Under this period, community taxes were levied on communities (Rabiu,2004) recently the revenue that accrues to local government is derived from two broad sources, viz the external sources and the internal source An effective Local Government system rests majorly on the availability of human and material resources which the nation could mobilize and harness for local governments development. In 1976, the Federal Military Government then issued guidelines on local governments reforms. The reforms which gave recognition to local governments as the third tier of government whereby government activities at the local level were taken care of. In 1988, another reform of local government was established. This gave a substantial and unprecedented reform of autonomy to the local governments in the country. With this autonomy, greater responsibilities devolved on the local government therefore, became a common knowledge that most of the local government are finding it difficult to cope with the present level of responsibilities.

Most state governments in Nigeria do no longer perform their responsibilities simply because of poor finances arises from internally generated revenue. The bad financial situation is further aggravated by the prevailing inflationary situation in this country which erodes the value of funds available to render essential social services to the people. Economic growth is highly associated with fund, much revenue is needed to plan, execute and maintain infrastructures and facilities at the state government level. They need revenue generated for such developmental projects like construction of accessible roads, building of public schools, health care centers, construction of bridges among others are sources generated from taxes, royalties, haulages, fines and grants from states, national and international governments. Thus, state government cannot embark, execute and possibly carryout the maintenance of these projects and other responsibilities without adequate revenue generation.

1.2   Statement of the problem
The state government is faced with myriads of problems ranging from corruption and embezzlement, poor financing, mismanagement of funds to poor leadership. This has deterred the development of state government in Nigeria. The major issues are; what has contributed to the non-performance; is it because of total dependence on federal statutory allocation? Is it as a result of poor internally generated revenue drive? Is it because of ineffective utilization of available scarce resources or mismanagement by public office holder? Among others, state government has always been over dependent on the statutory allocation thereby causing the state government to underperform which includes;

1. Dilapidated infrastructural facilities
2. Unavailability of social services to rural populace.
3. Underdevelopment of local communities.

Based on the above stated problems, it has become necessary to conduct an analysis on revenue generation in Lagos State.

1. Significance of the study

From the outlook, there is need for the state government to improve their performance. However, the research is significantly consideringthe closeness of state government to the grassroots’ people and theneed to utilize substantial revenue for its various sources in addition to federal statutory allocation for developmental purpose. The study will help to identifying some means of generating revenue that has been neglected over years. It will also be beneficial to the grassroots because improved revenue generation means improved standard of living in form of provision of social amenities such as road, hospital, park, drinkable water, rural electrification etc. The study will be educative as it will be a reference point for researchers.
1.4   Objectives of the study
The broad objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of internally generated revenue on the economic growth of Lagos State.
The specific objectives are;

1. To examine the relationship between internally generated revenue and economic growth in Lagos State.
2. To ascertain the extent which value added tax has contributed to government developmental effort.
3. To evaluate the extent to which internally generated revenue has contributed to the economic growth in Lagos State and it various sources.

1.5   Research questions
1. Is therea significant relationship between internally generated revenue and economic growth in Lagos State?
2. Does Allocation from Value Added Tax (VAT) significantly contribute to government developmental effort?
3. Is there a significant relationship between statutory allocation to the state government and economic growth in Lagos State? 
1.6   Research hypotheses
A hypothesis is a theoretical conceptualization or an idea or guest regarding how researcher thinks the result of his study will look. It consists of a set of assumptions accepted previously as a basis of investigation. It is a proposition that is yet to be tested for its validity. For the purpose of this research study, three null hypotheses were formulated.
• H01: There is no significant relationship between internally generated revenue and economic growth in Lagos State.
• H02: Allocation from Value Added Tax (VAT) does not significantly contribute to government developmental effort. 
• H03: There is no significant relationship between statutory allocation to the state Government and economic growth in Lagos State.
1.7   Limitations of the study
This study has some limitations most especially in the area of data collection which is to be covered and has time duration of five years (i.e. 2010–2014). Financial constraints as well as time available for the completion of the study are among other factors that would limit the scope of the study.
1.8   Scope of the study
The study would appraise the revenue generation for the period of five years (1999-2014) in Lagos State. The research is intended to be carried out using secondary data. Secondary data will be obtained from the monthly revenue generation account from the office of Accountant General of Lagos State.
1.9   Definition of terms
State Government: According to Lawal (2000) State Government as a political sub-division of a nation in Federal system which is constituted by law and has substantial control of local affairs which includes the power to impose taxes or exact labor for prescribed purpose.
Revenue: Public revenue could be defined as the funds generated by the government to finance its activities. In other words revenue is the total fund generated by government (Federal, state, local government/ to meet their expenditure for a fiscal year. This refers also to the grand total of money of income received from the source of which expenses are incurred. Revenue could be internal or external revenue.
Generation: This is the process of sourcing revenue for the local government in carryout their aim and objectives.
Internally Generated Revenue: Monies collected by a government through imposition of levies and taxes on facilities, incomes, sale of goods and services.
Growth: An increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services, compared from one period of time to another.
Economy: The state of a country or region in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services and the supply of money.
Economic Growth: An increase in the amount of goods and services produced per head of the population over a period of time.
Expenditure: Public expenditure refers to the expenses which the government incurs for its own maintenance, in the interest of the society and the economy in order to help other countries. 
Tax: Tax can be defined as a compulsory levy by government on goods, services, income and wealth. It provides definite source of revenue for government expenditure. (Udeh 2008). It is the way by which government obtain extra money. It spent from income of individual and companies. Tax could be direct or indirect tax. A tax is a payment made by the taxpayers and used by the government for the benefits of all the citizens. 
Tax Evasion:This means illegal reduction in one’s tax liabilities, thereby paying less than the appropriate amounts and not paying at all. 
Tax Avoidance:This is the act of streamlining one’s financial affairs within the law so as to minimize the tax liabilities. Development: According to Ake (2001) Development is thus the process by which people create and recreate themselves and their life circumstances to realize higher levels of civilization in accordance with their own choice and values. It also a type of social change in which new ideas are introduces into a social in order to produce higher per-capital income and levels of living through more modern production methods and improved social organization.

 

 

 

EDITOR SOURCE: The Effect Of Internally Generated Revenue On Economic Growth Of Lagos State, Nigeria.

 

ONLINE REGISTRATION AND RESULT CHECKING FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

ONLINE REGISTRATION AND RESULT CHECKING FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN NIGERIA (A Case Study of Ilorin Comprehensive High School, Ilorin).

 

 

 

 

The design of websites by individuals, corporate organizations, institution and Government of different countries has increased tremendously. It is importance and relevance of integrating and narrowing world into a global village cannot be over emphasized. The World Wide Web is an integral, important and exciting part of the internet. The internet is a broad to computer that links together small network of computer equipment that has been joined together in order to shared information and resources. The World Wide Web consist of a multimedia element such as  art galleries magazine, sound, music, educational materials, video etc. the Websites contain millions of document stored on several web pages in a host server as well  as design of these web pages can be done using Hypertext Makeup language (HTML) , Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), Script with php and Structure query language (sql). These are all set s or series of instructions which you add to ordinary text documents is a webpage and how the information on it should be displayed. We have decided to embark on this project in order to bring the benefits of the World Wide Web to the Ilorin Comprehensive High School will increase their efficiencies in terms of services quality of education and to better their correspondence with their students and other Secondary Schools irrespective of geographical locations.

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The role of World Wide Web in the development process of Institution like the Ilorin Comprehensive High School cannot be over emphasized. This stems from the fact that the school still carries out most of it activities using manual method which include the registration and result thereby I came to conclusion in order to improve the standard of this great school and the widely spread of the website all these should be done via internet for easy and quick access.

Online Registration:  interest candidate from different geographical location can purchase and submit all the application forms in the schools thereby reduces the application misplaced or miss-handled form.

Checking of Result:  student are unable to easily reference their result in case of theft, fire, outbreak or when misplaced.

 

 

 

1.3    AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim and objectives of this project is to design a website that will improve the manual method of result checking and admission processing of Ilorin Comprehensive High school

              I.        To prevent lost of student data and records during fire outbreaks, thefts etc.

            II.        For easy access of the existing student and incoming application to know more about the school

1.4    SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This study is targeted at utilizing the vast potential and benefits of the internet judiciously and effectively (i.e online admission processing and result processing) this will increase the awareness of management towards new innovations, better their correspondence with other institution raise the standard of school as well as it efficiency and to reduce the problems associated with manual results checking and application for admission of Ilorin Comprehensive High School.

 

1.5    SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This project work is limited to these two major areas

a.    Online application for admission of the Ilorin Comprehensive High School.

b.    Result checking of Ilorin Comprehensive High School.

 

1.6    DEFINITION OF TERMS

              I.        School:    A place where children are taught and imply knowledge

            II.        Student:    someone who is studying at a school

           III.        Classroom:  A room that you have lesson In at school or colleges.

          IV.        Principal:    This is a person heading and controlling the school

           V.        Teacher:  Someone whose job is to teach.

          VI.        Period:   One of the equal parts that the school days are divided into lesson.

         VII.        School calendar:   A system for dividing the time, that fixed the event from which they are measure or arrange days into month and year of the school.

       VIII.        Bandwidth:  A measurement of the amount of data that can flow through a link between computers. It is measure in bits per second (bps).

          IX.        Browser:   A piece of software used to find and display document stored on the internet.

           X.        Arpanet:    (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) this is used by U.S department of Defence responsible for the research and technical development in where no single service has a clear jurisdiction.

          XI.        Download:   Simply means to copy a file on internet to your computer.

         XII.        FTP Client:   A program that enable one to contact another computer on the internet in order to exchange files.

       XIII.        HTML (Hpertext Transfer Protocol):  The standard language that allows web clients and server to communicate.

      XIV.        ISP  (Internet Service Provider): These are companies that offer access to internet for a fee to it’s subscribers.

        XV.        Tag:   HTML instruction enclosed in angular brackets.

      XVI.        Protocol:  Set of rules that allows for orderly and proper exchange of information in the network.

     XVII.        Webpage :   A computer document in HTML and linked to other computer documents by hyper link.

    XVIII.        WWW   (World Wide Web) :  This is the most exciting part of the Internet and usually refer to as Web, it works under a technology called hypermedia. Hypermedia allows the transfer of text, sound video, graphics, art, movies etc.

      XIX.        URL (Uniform Resource Location) :  It is the address that enable you connect to any website of your choice.

        XX.        Internet:   Interconnection of several network of computer i.e  many server are interconnected with one another on different host location.

      XXI.        Homepage:  This refer to the first page opened when you visit any Website/Webpage.

     XXII.        Hyperlinks:  The links that will link you to other Webpage/Website, this can be graphics, font colored ,

    XXIII.        text e.t.c on the internet.

   XXIV.        Database:   The logical collection of data and information with minimum duplication and redundancy.

    XXV.        Web Client:   Web client are those dependant computers that request / receive information from the Web servers.

 

1.7    ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT

This project is arranged according to how it is carryout and logically design for easy understanding.

The chapter one comprises of the background of study, the problems, the aims and objectives, significance and scope of study.

The chapter two comprises of the literature review, review of related literature on the subject, the overview of the internet, historical background of the case study.

The chapter three also consist of the methodology research design , method of data collection, problem of the existing system, description of proposed system and the advantages of the proposed  system.

The chapter four consists of the design and implementation of the system such as the output design and specification, input design, database design, procedure design, choice of programming language, the hardware support, software support, also the system documentation i.e program documentation, operating the system, maintaining the system.

The chapter five is the concluding part of the project which include the summary, the problems encounters during the research conclusion and recommendation

 

 

EDITOR SOURCE:  Online Registration And Result Checking For Secondary School In Nigeria (A Case Study Of Ilorin Comprehensive High School, Ilorin).