EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF BEAM PUMP AND ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP IN OIL PRODUCTION USING PETROLEUM SOFTWARE (PROSPER)

EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF BEAM PUMP AND ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP IN OIL PRODUCTION USING PETROLEUM SOFTWARE  (PROSPER)

ABSTRACT

Today, Artificial lift optimization has become very important in petroleum industries. A proper lift optimization can reduce cost of production and maximize recovery from the asset. The purpose of artificial lift optimization is to obtain maximum output under specified operating conditions.

Optimization of Beam pump and electrical submersible pump is a continuous process and a critical one but the use of PROSPER program modelling made field work easy for petroleum engineers.

The total field optimization involve optimizing the surface facilities and injection rate which can be achieved by the use of standard tool softwares.

Well level optimization can be achieved by optimizing the well parameters such as point of injection, injection rate and injection pressure.

All this aspects have been investigated and presented in this study by using experimental data and PROSPER Simulation programs.

The result show that well head pressure has great influence on the performance of artificial lift. Artificial lift performance can also be improved by controlling the pressure and gas injection of the downhole.

Obtaining optimum gas injection rate is important because excessive gas injection reduces production rate and increases production cost.

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THE IMPACT OF RECAPITALIZATION ON SHAREHOLDERS RETURN IN NIGERIANBANKING INDUSTRY

THE IMPACT OF RECAPITALIZATION ON SHAREHOLDERS RETURN IN NIGERIANBANKING INDUSTRY
ABSTRACT This research work focuses on the Effect of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on deposit mobilization and profitability of banks in Nigeria. It also revealed how computer technology is being used in taking strategic decisions in an organization, with the usage of computer technology. It helps to discover how efficiently and effectively the bank(s) are performing as regards deposit mobilization and trend(s) in profitability. Some research instrument(s) were used in this continuous writing were: Interview, Questionnaire and Observations which were illustrated with charts and (Chi-square). It starts with background of the study up to final recommendation to the higher
CHAPTER ONE
1.0       INTRODUCTION
Capital occupies a vital position in any business in which bank is included capital is particularly important in the banking industry, that is adequacy is a comfort to the depositor or the shareholder. Bank are to be adequately capitalized in order to perform their role in building the nation economy.
According to the editorial of Nigeria bankers (2003) “The nature of Nigeria banking industry was healthy and sound from the independent in 1960 to their deregulation and the liberalization of the industry which started kin and middle of 1980’s, situation changes drastically since manifestation of bank distress that subsequently cleared the life of 37 banks from 1994 to 2003 in which their problems can be traced bank to the undercapitalization of these banks.
The National Economic Empowerment and Development (NEEDs) 2004, is the initiative of the Obasanjo’s administration aimed at reforming the entire economy of the nation Nigeria. Under the NEEDs    the financial service in clear with the country are to reformed, given clear with the country are to be reformed, given that “the success of NEEDS will depend in part on the ability of the financial intermediaries to play their roles by adopting the strategy of addressing low capitalization, the poor governance practice of financial  intermediaries that submit inaccurate reformation to regulatory authorities and to strengthen and rationalize the regulatory and supervisory framework in the financial sector.
The reform agenda under NEEDs is saying categorically that the low capitalization of banks must be death with achieving the goals of NEEDs.
According to Sanusi (2005) “The new capital accord, base II of 1998 tackle the issue of capital at the inception, the major element of based committee of the 1998 capital accord included the explicit unmake of capital requirement to a bank question and degree of risk and establishment of internationally, comparable minimum capital requirements. Combining the objectives if National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDs) and that of the new capital accord based II of 1998 it will be deduced that up with the global economic and financial trend and ensigncy the economic development of Nigeria.
Ogunniyi (2005) is of the opinion that the Central Bank of Nigeria as empowered by BOFIA from time to time determine the minimum paid up share capital of categories of bank in Nigeria in which there were upward review from time to time. The issue of recapitalization to banks to the time of #25 billion was announced by CBN governor Charies Soludo on the 6th July, 2004 generated a lot of controversies but if practically examine, it is what the nation need for overall economic growth.

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FIND RECENT AND TRENDING ACCOUNTING PROJECT TOPICS ON ACCOUNTING

Researchwap is site programmed to assist students both undergraduate and post graduate in research. In stock are a plethora of accounting project topics and research materials to aid students of that field in the compilation of their research work. Below are sample of project and seminar works available on the website:

1. THE CONTRIBUTION OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA TO THE GROWTH OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

2. TAX KNOWLEDGE, TAX ATTITUDE, AND PERCEPTION OF TAX FAIRNESS AS PREDICTORS OF TAX COMPLIANCE AMONG INCOME EARNERS IN LAGOS STATE

3. INTERNAL AUDIT PROCEDURES AND PROBLEMS IN A BANKING INSTITUTION

4. INTERNAL AUDIT AS A CONTROL FOR EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA PUBLIC ENTERPRISES (A CASE STUDY OF LSDPC)

5. MERGER AND ACQUISITION AS A VIABLE OPTION FOR EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BANKING INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA

6. RELEVANCE OF CAPITAL BUDGETING TO THE PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF IKORODU LOCAL GOVERNMENT)

7. IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING PROFESSION

8. IMPACT OF MICROFINANCE BANK ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA (A STUDY OF OLIVE MICROFINANCE BANK LTD, IKEJA LAGOS.)

9. ASSESSMENT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN NIGERIA

10. FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING RATIOS AS TOOLS FOR THE EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF NESTLE FOOD NIGERIA PLC)

11. FINANCIAL IMPLICATION OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN AN ORGANISATION (A CASE STUDY OF MERCURY MICROFINANCE BANK)

12. ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING: AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS (A CASE STUDY OF MTN AND CHEVRON NIGERIA PLC)

13. ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT IN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY (A CASE STUDY OF FIDSON HEALTHCARE LIMITED.)

14. EFFECTS OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS (A CASE STUDY OF LOGMAN NIGERIA PLC.)


15. EFFECTIVENESS OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT IN MANUFACTURING COMPANY (A CASE STUDY OF AMA GREENFIELD BREWERIES PLC, ENUGU, NIGERIA)

16. EFFECT OF INTERNAL AUDIT ON MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC ENTERPRISE

17. DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF WORKING CAPITAL ON THE PROFITABILITY OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRIES (A STUDY OF RADISSON BLU ANCHORAGE HOTEL)

18. CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT IN COMMERCIAL BANKS (A CASE STUDY OF UBA PLC)

19. COMPANY INCOME TAX ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA, PROBLEM AND SOLUTION (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL INLAND REVENUE SERVICE, FIRS LAGOS STATE, IKEJA BRANCH)

20. AUDITING PROCEDURE AND INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM {A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC}

To see other department and their available project topics and materials click on Researchwap.com

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICE:

A CASE STUDY OF OJO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The term conflict specifically means breakdown of relationship between parties and this was corroborated by oxford English dictionary definition in which conflict was defined as a serious disagreement, on argument, a struggle, a fight. The history of mankind cannot be devoid of conflict from the primordial age to the era of communal capitalism, feudalism up to the present.

A lot of attempts were recorded in capturing various sources of conflict and how it can be effectively managed. In every organization where people of different backgrounds and interest have to interact in the collective effort towards achieving a common goal, conflict is bound to take place. This is because every member of the organization comes from different places, background and brings to the workplaces his own personal interest, ambition, which he/she earnestly desires to achieve along organizational goals. These individual goals may not necessarily be compatible with that of other members and as a result of this conflict will definitely come up in the organization:

Conflict management may be planned and formal or unplanned and verbal or physical ranging from passive resistance to active aggression.

Conflict takes place between individuals and between groups, between distinct organizations or groups within an organization and conflict no doubt is an important element of social interaction and apart from being a "negative " factor that "tear apart" conflict may contribute in many way to the maintenance of groups and collectivities as well as the cementing of inter personal relations. A conflict is therefore endemic. It is common knowledge that an organization needs peaceful co-existence for survival, which may be threatened by conflict.? Conflict management is very crucial in the achievement of organization goals for proper understanding of each other actually when there are disagreement between the employees and employers over some issues like conditions of employment etc. Karl Marx and some scholars say that industrialization is a mixed blessing, which has brought prosperity, strike and dispute in industries. It is unthinkable to find any organization without conflict.

The local government, which is the third tier of the Executive arm of government, is established to meet the welfare needs of the local people. Although the various local councils in the country were created in the early 50s to perform localized functions and to bring government closer to the people, the purpose of local government is essentially to promote democracy at the grassroots level and ensure service delivery. A local government system may be recognized as either a single - tier or multi-tier local government. It is single tier if it performs all the functions assigned to a local government within its area of jurisdiction and it is multi tier, if two or more local councils share responsibility for local services within a given local territory. The management structure of local government takes the form of mayoral or mayor - council model. The mayor (chairman) is a weak mayor, as he does not have the power to appoint, remove and supervise the entire administrative staff. The ubiquitous presence of conflict can hinder the local government in discharge of its constitutional duties. The activities of various social groups in the local government if not effectively controlled or managed can be costly in terms performance and reputation. In fact any organization without conflict is as good as dead. Conflict can only be dysfunctional or harmful where there is no machinery that is put growth of the organization.

Conflict management expressed in what ever form pose cost to all industrial relations actors, certain machinery have to put in place for emerged overtime and new approaches are being worked out to reduce the effect of conflict in both public and organized private sector in order to prevent the development of all forms of costly expression of industrial discontents.

THE USE OF COCONUT FIBRE AS STANDARD pH ENHANCER FOR DRILLING MUD FORMULATION

THE USE OF COCONUT FIBRE AS STANDARD pH ENHANCER FOR DRILLING MUD FORMULATION

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

1.0 Introduction

A drilling fluid, or mud is any fluid that is used in a drilling operation in which that fluid is circulated or pumped from the surface, down the drill string, through the bit, and back to the surface via the annulus.(Growcock et al., 2005).The successful and cost of a drilling process is known to depend extensively on the asset of the drilling fluid used (Gray et al., 1980). Drilling mud circulates in a loop, from the platform, where it is forced down into the formation by entering the drill string, and pushed up to the surface again via the drill bit. The fluid characteristics such as density and temperature are variables that need to be regularly monitored for perfect drilling conditions of the well (Issham et al. 1985). They provide primary well control of subsurface pressures by a combination of density and any additional pressure acting on the fluid column (annular or surface imposed). They are most often circulated down the drill string, out the bit and back up the annulus to the surface so that drill cuttings are removed from the wellbore. Drilling fluids have a number of alternative names, acronyms and slang terms used within the industry. The most widely used name is “mud” or “drilling mud” and both these terms will be used interchangeably throughout this chapter. Other drilling fluid names and acronyms are: water-based mud (WBM), oil-based mud (OBM), synthetic-based mud (SBM), non-aqueous fluid (NAF), invert emulsion fluid (IEF), high performance water-based mud (HPWBM), drill-in fluid (DIF) and reservoir drilling fluid (RDF). Similar to drilling fluids are so-called completion fluids that are used to finish the well after drilling is completed. The fluids used during completions are often referred to as work over and completion (WOC) fluids, clear brines and/or packer fluids. Drilling fluid is a major factor in the success of the drilling program and deserves careful study.

Figure 1.0: Drilling fluids stored in the mud tank under agitation.

The performance of the drilling fluid is critical to everyone involved with the operation and to all aspects of the drilling operation. The drilling fluid is the primary means to keep the well from blowing out and it is responsible for keeping the hole in good condition such that drilling operations can continue to the desired depth. Drilling and completion fluids are one of the most important parts of the well construction process and ultimately the performance of the fluid will determine the success or failure of the operation. The responsibility of the proper selection and application of fluid is held jointly between the fluids supplier, the drilling contractor and the operator.

The research work focused on the use of Nigeria local materials in enhancing the drilling mud pH, its performance and contribution as drilling fluid properties and ensuring quality in hole making. Drilling fluid pH measurements and pH adjustments are fundamental to drilling fluid control because clay interactions, solubility of additives, and contaminant removal are all pH-dependent.

PH is a value representing the hydrogen ion concentration in liquid and it is used to indicate acidity or alkalinity of drilling mud. The pH is presented in a numerical value (0 – 14), which means an inverse measurement of hydrogen concentration in the fluid.

The pH formula is listed below;

pH = - log 10 [H]

Where: H is the hydrogen ion concentration in mol.

According to the pH formula, the more hydrogen atoms present, the more acidity of substance is but the pH value decreases. Generally speaking, a pH of 7 means neutral. Fluids with a pH above 7 are considered as being alkaline. On the other hand, the fluids with pH below 7 are defined as being acidic.

In the drilling mud, there are three main chemical components involved in Alkalinity of drilling fluid, which are bicarbonate ions (HCO₃^--), hydroxyl ions (OH ^--), and carbonate ions (CO₃^-2). The Alkalinity means ions that will reduce the acidity.

In order to get accurate measurements for the pH, using a pH meter instead of using a pH a paper is recommended because it will give more accurate pH figures. Additionally, pH meters must be calibrated frequently.

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