WHAT IS RESEARCH AND HOW TO RESEARCH

 

INTRODUCTION

I would love to begin by saying that a greater number of students are conducting research just for the sole purpose of acquiring their degrees in their field of studies. They involve solely for the acquisition of the degree such that they neglect or do not know the real meaning or what research is really about.  In fact, there are two approaches or objectives for conducting research.  The first one is the traditional way of conducting research which is conducting research for only filling the knowledge gap. This kind of people in doing the research consult only books, journals, conference papers and they try to find where the research gap is even if the research is trivial and not important the researcher will insist to conduct the research in the area. Unfortunately, most traditional researchers do this form of research, they just try to find only a gap in research especially in management and management information system, people try to find just a gap, for the reason of filling the gap and publish a paper and they say we have a research, we have available research, but I don’t think so, just to fill knowledge gap is not a big deal, hence it is not research.
On the other hand, other people feel that research is just to solve a problem. This kind of people, we can call them consultants. They look at the problem from different perspectives, they contact the company and understand the problem of the company and try to solve the problem of the company. Unfortunately, this kind of people don’t look at books as the others do, they try to write one or two books, four or five journals and that is it and they try to solve the problem from their own experience, however, they don’t look deep into literature review as the first group does. The problem here is that this person may end up repeating what others have done because they don’t know what others have done in that area and they have a major problem.
Therefore, as can be seen, the two groups are not purely right. The first group misses the problem-solving nature of every research, while the second group may end up repeating what others have done since they don’t engage in the thorough literature review. They end up not filling the knowledge gap. What then is real research?
The real research is being somewhere in between the two groups: “filling knowledge gap and solve a problem”. You can be anywhere in between but in most cases, you have a condition. The first condition is that you have to solve a problem but before solving a problem you must do REsearch. What is research? You have to search for books and papers to check if someone has solved a similar problem before, even if someone has done the research, you can criticize the person to find a knowledge gap.
Therefore, research involves solving a problem and filling a knowledge gap at the same time.
According to the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, “Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods.” Careful consideration of the study regarding a particular concern or problem using scientific methods. Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods (Babbie, 1998). Inductive methods analyze the observed phenomenon and identify the general principles, structures, or processes underlying the phenomenon observed; deductive methods verify the hypothesized principles through observations. The purposes are different: one is to develop explanations, and the other is to test the validity of the explanations.
One thing that we have to pay attention to research is that the heart of the research is not on statistics, but the thinking behind the research. How we really want to find out, how we build arguments about ideas and concepts, and what evidence that we can support to persuade people to accept our arguments.
Inductive research methods are used to analyze an observed event. Deductive methods are used to verify the observed event. Inductive approaches are associated with qualitative research and deductive methods are more commonly associated with quantitative research.
Research is conducted with a purpose to understand:

·      What do organizations or businesses really want to find out?

·      What are the processes that need to be followed to chase the idea?

·      What are the arguments that need to be built around a concept?

·      What is the evidence that will be required for people to believe in the idea or concept?

Gall, Borg, and Gall (1996) proposed four types of knowledge that research contributed to education as follows:

1.  Description: Results of research can describe the natural or social phenomena, such as its form, structure, activity, change over time, relationship to other phenomena. The descriptive function of research relies on instrumentation for measurement and observations. The descriptive research results in our understanding of what happened. It sometimes produces statistical information about aspects of education.

2.  Prediction: Prediction research is intended to predict a phenomenon that will occur at time Y from information at an earlier time X. In educational research, researchers have been engaged in:

o  Acquiring knowledge about factors that predict students' success in school and in the world of work

o  Identifying students who are likely to be unsuccessful so that prevention programs can be instituted.

3.  Improvement: This type of research is mainly concerned with the effectiveness of the intervention. The research approach includes experimental design and evaluation research.

4.  Explanation: This type of research subsumes the other three: if the researchers are able to explain an educational phenomenon, it means that they can describe, can predict its consequences, and know-how to intervene to change those consequences.

Characteristics of research

 

1.  A systematic approach must be followed for accurate data. Rules and procedures are an integral part of the process that sets the objective. Researchers need to practice ethics and a code of conduct while making observations or drawing conclusions.

2.  Research is based on logical reasoning and involves both inductive and deductive methods.

3.  The data or knowledge that is derived is in real-time from actual observations in natural settings.

4.  There is an in-depth analysis of all data collected so that there are no anomalies associated with it.

5.  Research creates a path for generating new questions. Existing data helps create more opportunities for research.

6.  Research is analytical in nature. It makes use of all the available data so that there is no ambiguity in inference.

7.  Accuracy is one of the most important aspects of research. The information that is obtained should be accurate and true to its nature. For example, laboratories provide a controlled environment to collect data. Accuracy is measured in the instruments used, the calibrations of instruments or tools, and the final result of the experiment.

What are the types of research?

 

Following are the types of research methods:
Basic research: A basic research definition is data collected to enhance knowledge. The main motivation is knowledge expansion. It is non-commercial research that doesn’t facilitate in creating or inventing anything. For example, an experiment to determine a simple fact.
Applied research: Applied research focuses on analyzing and solving real-life problems. This type refers to the study that helps solve practical problems using scientific methods. Studies play an important role in solving issues that impact the overall well-being of humans. For example: finding a specific cure for a disease.
Problem-oriented research: As the name suggests, problem-oriented research is conducted to understand the exact nature of a problem to find out relevant solutions. The term “problem” refers to multiple choices or issues when analyzing a situation.
For example, the revenue of a car company has decreased by 12% in the last year. The following could be the probable causes: there is no optimum production, poor quality of a product, no advertising, or economic conditions.
Problem-solving research: This type of research is conducted by companies to understand and resolve their own problems. The problem-solving method uses applied research to find solutions to existing problems.
Qualitative research: Qualitative research is a process that is about the inquiry. It helps create an in-depth understanding of problems or issues in their natural settings. This is a non-statistical method.
Qualitative research is heavily dependent on the experience of the researchers and the questions used to probe the sample. The sample size is usually restricted to 6-10 people. Open-ended questions are asked in a manner that encourages answers that lead to another question or group of questions. The purpose of asking open-ended questions is to gather as much information as possible from the sample.
The following are the methods used for qualitative research:

1.  One-to-one interview

2.  Focus groups

3.  Ethnographic research

4.  Content/Text Analysis

5.  Case study research

Learn more: Qualitative Research Methods
Quantitative research: Qualitative research is a structured way of collecting data and analyzing it to draw conclusions. Unlike qualitative methods, this method uses a computational and statistical process to collect and analyze data. Quantitative data is all about numbers.
Quantitative research involves a larger population — more people means more data. With more data to analyze, you can obtain more accurate results. This method uses closed-ended questions because the researchers are typically looking to gather statistical data.
Online surveys, questionnaires, and polls are preferable data collection tools used in quantitative research. There are various methods of deploying surveys or questionnaires.
Online surveys allow survey creators to reach large amounts of people or smaller focus groups for different types of research that meet different goals. Survey respondents can receive surveys on mobile phones, in emails, or can simply use the internet to access surveys.
Learn more: What is Quantitative Research?

What Is the Purpose of Research?

 

There are three purposes of research:

1.  Exploratory: As the name suggests, exploratory research is conducted to explore a group of questions. The answers and analytics may not offer a final conclusion to the perceived problem. It is conducted to handle new problem areas that haven’t been explored before. This exploratory process lays the foundation for more conclusive research and data collection.

2.  Descriptive: Descriptive research focuses on expanding knowledge on current issues through a process of data collection. Descriptive studies are used to describe the behavior of a sample population. In a descriptive study, only one variable is required to conduct the study. The three main purposes of descriptive research are describing, explaining, and validating the findings. For example, a study conducted to know if top-level management leaders in the 21st century possess the moral right to receive a huge sum of money from the company profit.

3.  Explanatory: Explanatory research or causal research is conducted to understand the impact of certain changes in existing standard procedures. Conducting experiments is the most popular form of casual research. For example, a study conducted to understand the effect of rebranding on customer loyalty.

To understand the characteristic of research design using research purpose here is a comparative analysis:

	Exploratory Research	Descriptive Research	Explanatory Research
Research approach used	Unstructured	Structured	Highly structured
Research conducted through	Asking research questions	Asking research questions	By using research hypotheses.
When is it conducted?	Early stages of decision making	Later stages of decision making	Later stages of decision making

Learn More: Primary Research – Examples, Methods and Purpose
The research method is defined as the tools or instruments used to accomplish the goals and attributes of a study. Think of the methodology as a systematic process in which the tools or instruments will be employed. There is no use of a tool if it is not being used efficiently.
Research begins by asking the right questions and choosing an appropriate method to investigate the problem. After collecting answers to your questions, you can analyze the findings or observations to draw appropriate conclusions.
When it comes to customers and market studies, the more thorough your questions, the better. By thoroughly collecting data from customers through surveys and questionnaires, you get important insights into brand perception and product needs. You can use this data to make smart decisions about your marketing strategies to position your business effectively.

Types of research methods and research example

 

Research methods are broadly classified as Qualitative and Quantitative.
Both methods have distinctive properties and data collection methods.

Qualitative Methods

 

Qualitative research is a method that collects data using conversational methods. Participants are asked open-ended questions. The responses collected are essentially non-numerical. This method not only helps a researcher understand what participants think but also why they think in a particular way.
Types of qualitative methods include:

·      One-to-one Interview: This interview is conducted with one participant at a given point in time. One-to-one interviews need a researcher to prepare questions in advance. The researcher asks only the most important questions to the participant. This type of interview lasts anywhere between 20 minutes to half an hour. During this time the researcher collects as many meaningful answers as possible from the participants to draw inferences.

·      Focus Groups: Focus groups are small groups comprising of around 6-10 participants who are usually experts in the subject matter. A moderator is assigned to a focus group who facilitates the discussion amongst the group members. A moderator’s experience in conducting the focus group plays an important role. An experienced moderator can probe the participants by asking the correct questions that will help them collect a sizable amount of information related to the research.

·      Ethnographic Research: Ethnographic research is an in-depth form of research where people are observed in their natural environment without This method is demanding due to the necessity of a researcher entering the natural environment of other people. Geographic locations can be a constraint as well. Instead of conducting interviews, a researcher experiences the normal setting and daily life of a group of people.

·      Text Analysis: Text analysis is a little different from other qualitative methods as it is used to analyze social constructs by decoding words through any available form of documentation. The researcher studies and understands the context in which the documents are written and then tries to draw meaningful inferences from it. Researchers today follow activities on a social media platform to try and understand patterns of thoughts.

·      Case Study: Case study research is used to study an organization or an entity. This method is one of the most valuable options for modern This type of research is used in fields like the education sector, philosophical studies, and psychological studies. This method involves a deep dive into ongoing research and collecting data.

Quantitative Research Methods

 

Quantitative methods deal with numbers and measurable forms. It uses a systematic way of investigating events or data. It is used to answer questions in terms of justifying relationships with measurable variables to either explain, predict, or control a phenomenon.
There are three methods that are often used by researchers:

·      Survey Research — The ultimate goal of survey research is to learn about a large population by deploying a survey. Today, online surveys are popular as they are convenient and can be sent in an email or made available on the internet. In this method, a researcher designs a survey with the most relevant survey questions and distributes the survey. Once the researcher receives responses, they summarize them to tabulate meaningful findings and data.

·      Descriptive Research — Descriptive research is a method that identifies the characteristics of an observed phenomenon and collects more information. This method is designed to depict the participants in a very systematic and accurate manner. In simple words, descriptive research is all about describing the phenomenon, observing it, and drawing conclusions from it.

·      Correlational Research— Correlational research examines the relationship between two or more variables. Consider a researcher is studying a correlation between cancer and married Married women have a negative correlation with cancer. In this example, there are two variables: cancer and married women. When we say negative correlation, it means women who are married are less likely to develop cancer. However, it doesn’t mean that marriage directly avoids cancer.

Identifying Research Methodology

 

To choose the appropriate types of research, you need to clearly identify the objectives. Some objectives to take into consideration for your business include:

·      Find out the needs of your clients.

·      Know their preferences and understand what is important to them.

·      Find an appropriate way to make your customers aware of your products and services.

·      Find ways to improve your products or services to suit the needs of your customers.

After identifying what you need to know, you should ask what research methods will offer you that information.
Organize your questions within the framework of the 7 Ps of marketing that influences your company – product, price, promotion, place, people, processes, and physical tests.
A well-organized customer research process produces valid, accurate, reliable, timely, and complete results. Results that rigorously reflect the opinions and needs of your clients will help you grow your sales and improve your operations. To obtain the results, you need to establish and follow the processes that you have detailed out for your organization:

Set your goals

 

Consider the client’s objectives and define those that identify with yours. Make sure that you set smart goals and objectives. Do not presume the results of your surveys.

Plan your research

 

Good planning allows the use of creative and logical approaches to select the methods that gather the most accurate information. Your plan will be influenced by the type and complexity of the information you need, the skills of your market research team, and how soon you need the information. Your budget also plays a large role in your ability to collect data.

Collect and collate your results

 

Make a list of how you are going to carry out the research process, the data you need to collect, and collection methods. This will help you keep track of your processes and make sense of your findings. It will also allow you to verify that your research accurately reflects the opinions of your clients and your market. Create a record table with:

·      The consumer research activity

·      The necessary data

·      The methods for data collection

·      The steps to follow for data analysis.

Remember, research is only valuable and useful when it is valid, accurate, and reliable. Relying on imperfect research is dangerous. Incorrect results can lead to customer churn and a decrease in sales.
It is important to obtain information about how the collection of customer information was carried out, and to ensure that your data is:

·      Valid – founded, logical, rigorous, and impartial.

·      Accurate – free of errors and including required details.

·      Reliable – that can be reproduced by other people who investigate in the same way.

·      Timely – current and collected within an appropriate time frame.

·      Complete – includes all the data you need to support your business decisions.

Analyze and understand your research

 

Analysis of the data can vary from simple and direct steps to technical and complex processes. Adopt an approach, and choose the method of data analysis based on the methods you have carried out.

Keep the findings ready

 

Choose a spreadsheet that allows you to easily enter your data. If you do not have a large amount of data, you should be able to manage them with the use of basic tools available in survey software. If you have collected more complete and complex data, you may have to consider using specific programs or tools that will help you manage your data.

Review and interpret the information to draw conclusions

 

Once you have gathered all the data, you can scan your information and interpret it to draw conclusions and make informed decisions. You should review the data and then:

·      Identify the main trends and issues, opportunities, and problems you observe. Write a sentence describing each one.

·      Keep track of the frequency with which each of the main findings appears.

·      Make a list of your findings from the most common to the least common.

·      Evaluate a list of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that have been identified in a SWOT analysis.

·      Prepare conclusions and recommendations regarding your research.

Review your goals before making any conclusions about your research. Keep in mind how the process you have completed and the data you have gathered help answer your questions. Ask yourself if what your research revealed facilitates the identification of your conclusions and recommendations. Review your conclusions and, based on what you know now:

Choose some strategies that will help you improve your business

 

·      Act on your strategies

·      Look for gaps in the information and consider doing additional research if necessary

·      Plan to review the results of the research, and consider efficient strategies to analyze and dissect results for interpretation.

https://researchwap.com/post/what-is-research-and-how-to-research

THE ROLE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA IN THE PROMOTION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE BUSINESSES IN NIGERIA

INTRODUCTION

Small scale business constitute an important component of the Nigerian industrial sector. The importance of this sector cannot be over emphasized, especially in a typical developing country like ours where the level of youth unemployment is rising beyond control. Hence small scale industries generate employment opportunities per unit of capital investment because they are generally more labour intensive which are more capital in nature. A large scale industry that cost N20million for instance, may employ a mere 70 (seventy) workers or less. Where as a small scale industry that cost just N150,000 (one hundred and fifty thousand naira) may employ about 20-30 workers.

Small scale business specialized in the production and marketing of various products and services ranging from food, beverages, drinks/sachet water, cosmetics, spare parts and many others.
Kilby (1969) acknowledge the diversity of terms of the degree of specialization and division of labour and the quantity of raw materials and output and the character of markets being served by small scale businesses. As a result the bulk of Nigerian business falls within the small scale business which account for over 80% of the number of enterprises in the country. (Ekunna 1992 Pg.160)
Several number of small scale business are successful while other fail or are staggering for survival due to poor background management, lack of qualified manpower, poor capital base, lack of marketing research and appropriate technology and credit rating among banks and other lenders. These problems continue to militate against the establishment, survival and growth of small scale business in Nigeria. Although successful government in Nigeria have been emphasizing on the importance of small scale business and have established institutional support agencies to facilitate industrialization.

However, small scale business still operate in uncertainty and are faced with serious obstacles, this raises the questions of whether  the federal government is actually up to the responsibility in the promotion of small scale business in Nigeria.    

OBJECTIVE OF THE ESSAY

The main objectives of this study is to evaluate the impact of federal government in the promotion of small scale business in Nigeria. This study will specially seek to achieve the following:

To evaluate the marketing challenges facing small scale businesses. To identify the sources of funds to the activities of the industry. To find out the extent of government involvement in  promoting the activities of the business. To bring to light the contribution of the industry to the development of national diploma in marketing.

Finally, it is my hope that the students of marketing and others in related discipline will find this study very informative and useful tool in their respective studies.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

As the title of this essay indicates, the study focuses its attention to federal government support to small scale business enterprises in Nigeria, it causes various policy, guidelines, direct and indirect financial assistance and other programs and initiatives designed to promote this vital sector of the country.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ESSAY

The significance of this study lies basically on its contribution to knowledge and its benefits to individual and organization. The current economic crises in Nigeria has deciminated the growth of infant industries and encourages the establishment of similar business venture in both small and large scale proportions.

Although successful governments have vowed to support individuals and group initiatives in the establishment of small scale businesses.
The current state of most small scale business in Nigeria is a far cry particularly when structural adjustment programme (SAP) was introduced, which brought about the problem of devaluation of the naira and the scarcity of foreign exchange of raw materials from abroad which has adversely affected production unit especially under a depressed economy.
This study is an attempt to evaluate the role of government in the promotion of small scale business in Nigeria as a country.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms and abbreviations used in the extended essay are defined below:

(SSICS) Small Scale Industries Credit Scheme

(SME) Small and Medium Enterprises
(NIDB) Nigerian Industrial Development Bank
(NERFUND) National Economic Reconstruction Fund
(NDE) National Directorate of Employment

Small scale enterprise: Apart from size, it is a type of business that is self initiated, largely self financial, closely self managed and is of relatively small in size when considered as part of the industry. Management: Is the part of loaning organizing, directing and motivating others so as to enhance productivity with maximum utilization of available resources and achieving the organizational goals or objectives. Resources: These are the primary inputs that needs to be put together into function before the proper management activities really take place. These activities include; men, materials , money and machines.

Enterprises: This is one of the fundamental principles of management that is concerned with the division of labour and assigning of responsibilities with authority for the well being of business unit.      https://researchwap.com/entrepreneurship/the-role-of-the-federal-government-of-nigeria-in-the-promotion-of-small-and-medium-scale-businesses-in-nigeria/index.html

Most Project Defense Questions and Steps to Defend Your Project with Recordable Success

Most Project Defense Questions and Steps to Defend Your Project with Recordable Success

Project Defense Questions:

Question 1: Why Did You Decide to Undertake This Particular Project Topic?

This project defense question will be troublesome which is beyong convincing the panel that you simply have done an applicable study. "What is that analysis issue?" It is likewise, which you should answer directly.

The issue(s) raised and handle during the study ought to be clarified indepthly. Disclose that your mission to handle this drawback or disadvantage transformed into your motivation which powered the need to discover an answer for it. Endeavor not to state money related reasons or the need to graduate as an explanation as you will destroy the motivation behind research.

Questions 2: What Motivates You On Your Research?

Questions two and three may seem to be comparable anyway respondent may uncover a little qualification. You'll be persuaded by expressing different disadvantages to begin this analysis. You'll be inspired by the need to add to the data pool inside the field and you'll even be persuaded by professional interest.

Question 3: Why Is the Drawback you’ve Got Tackled Valuable:

You should have the option to decide the issue being handled as important enough to warrant the direct of an educational examination concerning its goals.

Question 4: What's Your Analysis About?

This is frequently the essential project defense question that you will be asked. Well this is frequently an area of educational logical research resistance technique that gets most students stifling for words not understanding what is expected is a condensed analysis in a couple of sentences utilizing your Abstract. It's the exact of the work and a higher comprehension of your abstract that is all you wish to ask past this commonly humiliating question.

Question 5: What Are The Aims, Questions, and Hypotheses?

Students shouldn't trouble much about being in-depth when answering this. It’d be re-asked during your Ph.D defense.

Question 6: However Can This Study Contribute To The Body Of Knowledge?

This is a question that has not altered throughout the years. As of now you're expected to legitimize how your study can expand the current data. Your methodology, discourse analysis or any special model or abstract framework that was utilized as a part of the investigation ought should be stated and defended.

Question 7: What is the Importance of the Study?

Disclose your commitment to the present data pool. You should put forth a defense for the significance of your analysis. To respond to this question, you should present a defense for how and why the study can encourage the governmentt to move toward the creation and advancement of arrangements.

Question 8: Did you connect any hole from your Study?

You should utilize your tutorial logical research to unwind existing downside. Inspect present issues. At this stage you need to layout the issues that your analysis was led to approach.

Question 9: What Limitations Did You Encounter?

This is another simple yet sensitive question. To address this question, you should be careful with words as you will trap yourself. Be adequately vigilant to not supply out yourself. Endeavor to not cite the imperatives in your information analysis techniques as this would deduce that your assessment can be one-sided or not well researched. Utilize simple and extra clear confinements simply like the issues you encountered connection addresses and task as critical limiting your investigation

Question 10: What Area unit is the main discoveries/Findings of this Research Analysis?

Quickly put forth a defense for the final result of your study. Please it's significant at this phase you simply connect the final result of your study to your analysis question to stay away from or turn out of direction. Associate your findings to your analysis objectives/questions. this may build the board to successfully be continued.

Question 11: Do Your Findings Compare With Alternative Analysis During This Field?

Rundown  your findings and rundown out the findings of alternative that comes within the same field and highlight the gaps that your analysis serves to fill. put forth a defense for anyway the findings of alternative analyzers exclusively serve to go with anyway not to invalidate your research.

Question 12: Treat And Justify Your Analysis Methodology.

To move beyond this piece of your instructional exercise analysis barrier, you need to have a sound data of your Chapter three. Put forth a defense for your analysis methodology and also the reason behind your alternative of that method. At this time your ability to justify your sample size and technique are extremely rewarded here.

Question 13: Why Opt For This Method?

You ought to have the option to at this stage put forth a defense for the explanations behind your alternative of methodology. If you’re aiming to defend your analysis then you’re undoubtedly aiming to defend your analysis methodology and this is often not as troublesome because it could appear, simply quotes studies wherever this methodology are utilized in the past to support the rationale behind your alternative of methodology.

Question 14: On arriving at Your Discoveries/Findings What Are Your Recommendations?

Proposals are fundamental in each study . You should, manufacture proposals. However I think if you’ve got survived the educational analysis defense method up to the purpose wherever you’re asked this question then you won’t have any drawback, after you are asked to reveal your recommendations.

Question 15: What And Where Did You Get And Go Wrong?

Once more, you need to abstain from uncovering your risk. You’ll imply obvious mistakes like grammatical errors and typographies however don’t ever choose a hole in your methodology or statistics. Avoid exposing the weak points in your analysis.

Question 16: Supported Your Findings, What Areas Can You Recommend For Future Research?

At the point when you are asked this explicit tutorial scientific research defense question you ought to try and build suggestions for future researchers as an example, if I researched on the challenges of automatic teller machine usage in Federal Republic of Nigeria, a decent space for future study could also be in electronic banking or purpose of sales systems.

The best gratitude to move beyond this, you regularly need to recognize the information gaps still existing inside the realm of your study.  These information gapss should as of now be clear to you all through the analysis method.

Question 17: What Is The Practicality Of Your Research?

This question is regularly direct for science students and engineering students aside from the social researchers or the administration science students it’s going to be a small amount difficult as a result of their analysis area unit principally within the kind of abstracts.

 Be that as it may, you should endeavor your best to be practical here. Use examples and illustrations which are relatable and relevant can score you smart purpose here.

Question 18: Would You Summarize Your Study To A Professional In An Exceedingly Few Sentences?

Here you should start with terminologies associated with your analysis, for example, what you are required to know to be knowledgeable of that field. Just outline the technical importance of your analysis. Your ability to give specific infomation from the findings can score you incredible marks here.

Question 19: What Would You Edit If You Were To Conduct The Study Again?

Some of the time such tutorial research project defense question area unit requested to lure you into exposing the weaknesses in your research; the question is supposed to purpose you towards the weaknesses in your research thus please simply do a similar issue I asked you to try to in question six.

Question 20: What is Your Activity Instrument?

This instructional exercise logical project defense question is solely associate degree inquiry concerning your information assortment methodology for the study. Here you state if questionnaires were distributed or information was gotten from secondary sources.

Question 21: What Are Your Analysis Variables?

Here you should prevail upon the board members that you simply comprehend what you're talking concerning project topics and it defense. You wish to explain your independent and dependent variable(s) to prevail upon them that you just set your area unit on purpose. Your variables area unit gift in your project topic. You wish to detect these variables and understand their definitions likewise to be expert in your defense.

Question 22: What Are Your Analysis Questions?

This shouldn't cause any test at all as your analysis queries area unit clearly declared in chapter one.

Question 23: What Do You Commit To Do Together With Your Scientific Research Once Graduation?

In the event that you propose to distribute your analysis or build some components of it out there to a web diary then this is regularly the half any place you'd notice at that. Proposing that you simply need to make your analysis out there on-line for future analysts or as area of an internet publication is often a awfully spectacular plan.

Question 24: What Supply Of Knowledge Was Used For The Study?

Right now you must express the source(s) you purchased data from. Ordinarily you must state whether data was gotten from primary or secondary supply or each. You'll extra prevail upon the board of trustees members  by discoursing on literature reviewed for the study-both theoretical and empirical.

Question 25: What Theories Or Theoretical Framework Is Your Study Primarily Based On?

Never pick your  research project defense without information of a minimum of 2 relevant theories that relate to your study. For instance, the "effect of inspiration on workers profitability" are bolstered Maslow's Theory and elective speculations of inspiration.

On the off chance that you can not see important theories to keep a copy your study, consult your supervisor for  encourage or send America a mail permit us to interface you with a chase proficient.

Question 26:  Would You Relate Your Findings To Existing Theories On The Study?

Presently this is an express project defense question. It is reasonable to analyze anyway your research relates with existing theories in your study. You ought to understand existing theories on the topic matter also as empirical studies too.. Your capacity to connect your findings to previous analysis studies (regardless of whether they concur or not) can go an all-encompassing way in securing  your study.

Question 27: Has your intuition adjusted as a result of your research?

They need to comprehend what your initial opinion concerning the study was and that they are observance to find out if your opinion have adjusted over the span of the stdy. you’ve got to be terribly careful in respondent this queries as a result of you want to offer tangible reasons for any amendment in opinion and if care isn’t taking you will build your analysis appear obsolete by voice communication your opinion concerning the analysis modified throughout the course of the study. Be frightfully cautious once responding to such research or project defense question that will invalidate your research.

Question 28: What suggestions do you  have for future research?

This research project defense question is asking  you from areas that you are very well might have extra research on. This is regularly and basically done by distinctive problems around you that don’t seem to be however analyzed and highlight them out as stuffed with prospects for future research.

Question 29: What is The Scope Of The Study?

Express the limit line of the study  quickly. This may be date or earth science or each.

Question 30: What Question(S) Do You Have For The Committee?

Not a potential instructional tutorial logical research defense question in our Nigerian setting. This is frequently an opportunity to act together with your committee members and raise some constructive queries. Try not to raise senseless or too inconvenient findings in light of the fact that the objective should be to make the board members feel on the grounds that the "judges". It'll moreover go an all-encompassing way in indicating that you just area unit an amazing and guaranteed

Knowing and getting the topic is of embodiment. Care ought to be taken to know the rudiments of all of issue which emerge in the issue and how to handle them. Having great relational abilities help as well. Be professional and abrupt when you ought to be.

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Above are the most effective project defense questions that you will be asked by the board members and below are the steps to defend your project effectively with colourful result

Project in all is an individual or community task, potentially associated with research or configuration work that is painstakingly arranged, usually by a project team to achieve a particular aim.

Right now, we  will concentrate on eight significant angles on the most proficient method to defend a final year project effectively

1.Get Ready For Questions: If you are getting ready for questions that might be asked during your defense, at that point your answers will stream easily and adequately. This will demonstrate your insight regarding the topics, and reinforcing your contention. Ask loved ones like friend and family, read your work for them to listen to your presentation, and record down questions. You might be lucky that the panel will ask you those you have just getting prepared on.

2. Solid Summary:  Summarizing your parts will help keep your crowd centered in light of the fact that it is simple for a mind to drift, so giving summaries will ensure your panel will follow along, regardless of whether they lose focus for a brief moment. Visual associates, for example, graphs and power-point presentations can be useful. On the off chance that you are going to utilize these, ensure you will rehearse your presentation  with them.

3. Be Bold in Your Project Work: Not knowing your point back to front will make you battle and eventually come up short with your project defense. You have to know the topic  from each point to guarantee you are completely arranged for any question that may comes your direction.

4. Conclusion: Reinforce your findings to round up your defense. The finale of your presentation should concentrate on demonstrating the work that has been finished. You may need to recap on what has changed and stayed unchange, if it  is necessary.

5 . Tune in or Listen: Before you get cautious or recount a specific answer, ensure you really understand the question being asked. Being a decent audience is a significant quality, on the grounds that giving a mistaken or off-topic answer will likewise debilitate the legitimacy of your paper.

On the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea about the appropriate response, answer that you don't have the data accessible to give an exact answer. Almost certainly, the panel knows the response to that specific inquiry you were being asked, thus they will realize that the one you are giving is a wrong answer. Likewise you should not be shy in approaching or asking the panel  for a question  to be repeted on the off chance that you didn't get it well, this will assemble your trust in the way to deal with your reaction.

6. Do Adequate Research on Your Topic: Before defending your project, you should source for similar materials on you topic, center focus on how the problems were identified and addressed. Identify your keywords, variables, background of the study and also be able to explain in detail your abstract and conclusion off-hand before your defense date.

7. Know What Motivate You For Your Researc Project: Most final year students  in Nigeria defending their projects do not perform well since they neglect to distinguish their motives in their study. The inspiration for your project is most likely the principal answer to any question you might be asked  in the defense hall or room.

Before a research project is attempted, there is normally an issue to understand. The craving to tackle that issue will turn into your motivation for the study. Try not to utilize cash to look into without investing your effort, your energy to take care of an issue ought to be your motivation towards your study.

Inspiration for the study  is the best to apply in addresses like "why attempt this study? Enlighten us regarding your work" so in the event that you were utilizing cash to compose your project, by what means will you inform the panel  concerning your motivation towards your work?

8. Proficient or Professional  Discussion on Your Project Topic: Make your friends and family your panel members, and defend  before them. Advise them to reprimand and ask you various questions. With this small preparation you will tune your mentality for what a defense hall will look like. You can likewise look for proficient or professional assistance before defense date.

Here are some few tips that will help you on your defense day.

Rehearse with friends again and again before entry into the defense hall which we have already considered above.
Develop good self-esteem and confidence.

Comport yourself well and for ladies don’t apply much make up on your faces during your defense, when you are out of the hall you can make up as much as you want.

CHOOSING GOOD PROJECT TOPICS AND DEVELOPING TIPS

CHOOSING GOOD PROJECT TOPICS AND DEVELOPING TIPS

The educational curriculum states that the end goal is to be granted a degree after the graduation. Before this, there is a need for students to carry out research in their field of studies. Consequently, this is done at the final year level in all university institutions. A considerable number of final year students has challenges in regards to choosing their project topics. This is because they lack knowledge on the rudiments of picking a decent research project topic with the end goal, such that most students score terrible marks at the end of it or even have to change the project topic halfway through. This article is therefore targeted at helping final year students to know the basics in regards to choosing and developing their final year project topics.

A research work is an essay that presents the results of a writer’s (students) investigation of a particular topic in print, electronic, or multimedia format. The skills involved—finding, evaluating, and assimilating the ideas of other writers—are essential in any field of study. They will also be useful to you in your career. Most of the writing you do on the job, especially if you are in management, it requires you to express in your own words the facts, opinions, and ideas of others.
     Writing a research project work follows the same process as other kinds of writing, from planning through drafting to revising. The difference is that instead of relying exclusively on what you already know about a topic, you include source material—facts, data, knowledge, or opinions of other writers—to support your thesis. This section explains the different kinds of source material you can choose from and tells you the strengths and weaknesses of each. See How to Summarize, Paraphrase, and Quote from Sources on this article for information on how to integrate into your paper the information you have found.

A research project work is not simply a collection of what other people have said about a subject. It is your responsibility to shape and control the discussion, to make sure that what you include from your sources is interesting and relevant to your thesis, and to comment on its validity or significance. It is your project, your thesis, your key ideas. Ideas from other writers should be included as support for your topic sentences.
     One of the challenges of writing a research project work is differentiating between your ideas and those you took from sources. Readers cannot hear the different “speakers,” so you have to indicate who said what. To separate your sources from your own ideas, research papers require documentation—a system of acknowledging source materials. Research works are usually longer than essays, and the planning process is more complex. For these reasons, the time you are given to complete a research assignment is usually longer than the time allowed for an essay. Don’t fool yourself into thinking you can put the assignment off for a few weeks. You will need all the time you’ve been given to find the sources you need, decide what you want to say, and then draft, revise, and polish your paper. Supervisors assign research papers so that they can assess not only your research skills but also your writing skills.

STEPS IN CHOOSING PROJECT TOPICS

To choose a good research topic and make the procedure less frustrating, we recommend the accompanying method for the determination of the research project works:

1. Decide on a useful zone or zones of essential interest, for example, accounting, banking and finance, business administration, computer science, economics, education, marketing,  mass communication et cetera.

2. Next, pick a sub-region from the practical territory. For example, a student who has an interest in human resources may pick a research topic on the hospital working environment or organizational behavior

3. Look for the possible research topic in that sub-region.

4. Familiarize yourself with the subject matter relating to the proposed project topic idea.

5. Evaluate any provisional topic you pick precisely and fundamentally. A student ought to have not less than three speculative topics in. He ought to pick the topic which is most alluring to him or her among alternate topics having analyzed the upsides and downsides of every one of the case study.

6. Finally, present the chosen topics to the supervisor for facilitating discourse, clarifications, and elaborations if it requires.

CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING PROJECT TOPICS

It is plainly making no sense to embark on a case study  you know almost nothing or nothing about. Though, it can obviously be contended that the student can acquaint himself with the project topic idea over the span of the investigation or study. But there are somewhere around two issues with this: firstly, he/she might not be able to defend it before the supervisor. Secondly, he/she may discover later that the research topic is more troublesome than foreseen or that the required research project materials are not accessible. He could even lose interest in the research work because of any of these unexpected challenges. The accompanying criteria should along these lines be borne in the mind of the students:

INTEREST IN THE PROJECT TOPIC

Numerous students have amidst their research, surrendered or abandon their research project topic for another one since they didn't have enough managing interest for it, in the first instance. For a few, they may have chosen it since it was proposed by the supervisor or some different people they couldn't state too. They may have felt that dismissing the project topic at that point would have added up to being ungrateful on their part which could be viewed as an affront to the supervisor. Whichever way, it is perilous to take a project topic you are not so much inspired by in light of the fact that when it gets extreme, your interest for the project topic is the thing that will support you more than some other things. One of the most important parts of doing a research work is choosing a topic. By choosing wisely, you can ensure that your research will go smoothly and that you will enjoy doing it when choosing a topic that you care about. A topic is a broad area of interest, such as AfricanAmerican history or animal behavior. One way to approach the search for a research topic is first to choose a general area of interest and then to focus on some part of it. Make sure that you have a real reason for wanting to explore the topic. Often the best project topics for research works are ones that are related to your own life or to the lives of people you know. If you are already keeping a “writing ideas” list in your journal or in your writing portfolio, you can refer to that list for possible topics. If you are not regularly listing your writing ideas, you might consider starting to do so now.

RESEARCHABLE PROJECT TOPIC

What makes a project topic researchable is the point at which you can research solid information to answer the research questions. A project topic that is researchable can be known to utilize available and scientific tools and techniques. Likewise, a research work might be un-researchable not on the grounds that the pertinent information doesn't exist, but rather in light of the fact that the student doesn't approach them. Your first step in writing a research work is the same as your first step in any writing task: select a suitable topic, preferably one you are convesant with. Whether you are assigned a topic or choose your own, don’t rush off to the library or log onto the Internet right away. A little preparation up front will save you a lot of time and possibly much grief later on.
     First of all, if you’re not sure of what your supervisor expects from you, clarify what is required of you.

Next, consider what approach you might take in presenting your topic. Does it lend itself to a comparison? Process? Cause or effect? If the topic is assigned, often the wording of the research will suggest how your supervisor wants you to develop it. Deciding up front what kind of paper you are going to write will save you hours of work, both in the library and at your desk.
     When you’ve decided, at least tentatively, on the approach you’re going to take, you are ready to focus on the kind of information you need to look for in your research. For example, if you’ve been asked to evaluate a contemporary Canadian novel, you won’t waste time discussing the history of the novel or its development since 1950. You can restrict your investigation to sources that contain information relevant to your specific subject.
     Once you have an idea of the kind of information you need in order to develop your topic, it’s time to find the best sources you can. 

FEASIBILITY OF STUDY

The possibility of the final year project alludes to what it will take the student to finish the research topic as far as the expense of the final year project, the monetary use, and the time allotment for the final year research. Thusly, it is vital that the student from the beginning, gauge that he has everything necessary to finish the research project regarding fund and research materials, and furthermore that he will have the capacity to finish the final year research inside the time period allotted for it. In the event that the response to this is negative, at that point he should forsake the project topic before setting out on it.

AVOID PLAGIARISM

Plagiarism is presenting someone else’s ideas as your own. It’s a form of stealing (the word comes from the Latin word plagiarius, which means “kidnapper”). There have been famous cases of respected journalists and academics who have been accused of plagiarizing the articles or books they have written. Suspected plagiarists who are found guilty often lose their jobs. Sometimes the accusation alone is enough to compromise an author’s reputation and thus prevent him or her from continuing to work as a scholar or writer.
     Students who copy essays or parts of essays from source material, download them from the Internet, or pay someone else to write them are cheating. And, in so doing, they commit a serious academic offence. Sometimes, however, academic plagiarism is accidental. It can result from careless note-taking or an incomplete understanding of the conventions of documentation. It is not necessary to identify the sources of common knowledge (e.g., Margaret Atwood is one of Canada’s best-known authors; British Columbia is Canada’s westernmost province) or proverbial sayings (e.g., Love is blind), but when you are not sure whether to cite a source, it’s wise to err on the side of caution and provide documentation. Statistics should always be cited because the meaning of numbers tends to change, depending on who is using them and for what purpose.
     If, after you have finished your first draft, you are not sure which ideas need documenting and which don’t, take your research notes and your outline to your supervisor and ask. It’s better to ask before submitting a paper than to try to explain a problem afterward. Asking saves you potential embarrassment as well as time.

TIPS ON WRITING A RESEARCH  WORK

1. Even though your supervisor may be your only reader, think of your potential audience as the other students who are taking the course with you, those who took it in recent years, and those who will take it in the near future. This way, you can count on a certain amount of shared knowledge. For a course in economics, for example, you can assume your audience knows what the Phillips curve relationship is; a definition would be superfluous. For a course in literature, you won’t need to inform your readers that Jonathan Swift was an 18th-century satirist. Think of your readers as colleagues who want to see what conclusions you have reached and what evidence you have used to support them.
2. Manage your time carefully. Divide the work into a number of tasks, develop a schedule that leaves lots of time for revision, and stick to your schedule.
3. Choose a topic that interests you. Define it as precisely as you can before beginning your research, but be prepared to modify, adapt, and revise it as you research and write your paper.
4. If you cannot find appropriate sources, ask a reference librarian for help.
5. When making notes, always record the author, title, publication data, and page numbers of the source. For electronic sources, note also the URL, the name of the database or site, the name of the institution or organization sponsoring the site, either the date of publication or the date the source was last revised, and the date you accessed the site.
6. Use your source material to support your own ideas, not the other way around.
7. Document your sources according to whatever style your supervisor prefers.
8. Revise, edit, and proofread carefully. If you omit this step, the hours and weeks you have spent on your assignment will be wasted, not rewarded.